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Carapace armor vs skeleton suit3/21/2023 ![]() ![]() The ventral surface is called the plastron. Some of those bones that make the top of the shell, carapace, evolved from the scapula rami of the clavicles along with the dorsal and superficial migration of the cleithra. The turtle shell is made up of numerous bony elements, generally named after similar bones in other vertebrates, and a series of keratinous scutes which are also uniquely named. Pe=Peripheral, P1=Pleural 1, BCS=Bridge Carapace Suture Internal anterior carapace of Elseya dentata. The shell of the hawksbill turtle, among other species, has been used as a material for a wide range of small decorative and practical items since antiquity, but is normally referred to as tortoiseshell. Hence understanding the shell structure in living species provides comparable material with fossils. The turtle's shell is an important study, not just because of the apparent protection it provides for the animal but also as an identification tool, in particular with fossils, as the shell is one of the likely parts of a turtle to survive fossilization. The bone of the shell consists of both skeletal and dermal bone, showing that the complete enclosure of the shell likely evolved by including dermal armor into the rib cage. It is constructed of modified bony elements such as the ribs, parts of the pelvis and other bones found in most reptiles. The turtle shell is a shield for the ventral and dorsal parts of turtles (the order Testudines), completely enclosing all the vital organs of the turtle and in some cases even the head.
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